What is the term used to refer to the posterior surface of the body?

The term used to refer to the posterior surface of the body is indeed "dorsal surface." In anatomical terminology, "dorsal" specifies the back part of the body. This term is often used in a variety of contexts, such as when describing the anatomy of animals where the dorsal side is the upper side or back, contrasting with the ventral side, which is the front or belly side.

Understanding this terminology is crucial for effective communication in medical and anatomical discussions, as it provides clarity about the location of structures or injuries relative to the body. In human anatomy, this means that on a standing individual, the dorsal surface would be what faces backwards, encompassing areas such as the back and the spine. This is essential when assessing injuries, planning treatments, or documenting findings in radiological contexts.